The Role of Educated Middle Class in Abdur Razzaq’s Political Parties in India: A Marxist Approach

Abstract

Abdur Razzaq’s Political Parties in India paints a vivid picture of the political dynamics of colonial India, with a focus on the educated middle class. Employing a Marxist lens, this research explores their pivotal yet paradoxical role in nationalist movements, highlighting their dual identity as agents of anti-colonial resistance and beneficiaries of colonial systems. This study critically examines how their class interests shaped their contributions and limitations, arguing that their vision for independence, while significant, often reflected bourgeois priorities over radical social transformation. This class is actually a part of the bourgeoisie and on the other hand they led all the movements against the British. Critically examining Razzaq's perspective, the research explores his argument that despite leading these movements, this class did not hold sole control over the trajectory of Indian nationalism. By adopting a Marxist approach, this research sheds light on the complex interplay of economic and social factors that shaped India's political landscape under colonialism, particularly the role and limitations of the educated middle class within the broader struggle for independence.